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Types and Application of Precision Forging Technology
Precision forging forming technology, also known as near-shape or near-net forming technology, refers to the forming technology of mechanical components that require only a small amount of processing or no longer processing. In production practice, people are used to precision forging forming technology is divided into: cold precision forging forming, hot precision forging forming, warm precision forging forming, compound forming, closed forging, isothermal forging, shunt forging and so on.
Precision forging forming technology, also known as near shape or near net shape forming technology, refers to the forming technology that can be used as mechanical components only needs a small amount of processing or no longer processing after parts are formed. In production practice, people are used to divide precision forging technology into: cold precision forging, hot precision forging, warm precision forging, composite forming, block forging, isothermal forging, split forging and so on.
1. Cold precision forging
1. Cold precision forging
The unheated metal material is directly forged, mainly including cold extrusion and cold heading extrusion.
Forging the unheated metal materials directly, mainly including cold extrusion and cold upsetting extrusion.
Cold precision forging forming technology is more suitable for multi-species and small batch production, mainly used to manufacture various parts of automobiles and motorcycles and some toothed parts.
Cold precision forging technology is more suitable for many varieties of small batch production, mainly used to manufacture various parts of automobiles and motorcycles, as well as some tooth shaped parts.
2. Hot precision forging forming
2. Hot precision forging
Mainly refers to the recrystallization temperature above the precision forging forming process. Most of the hot precision forging forming process adopts closed die forging, which requires high precision of the mold and equipment. The volume of the blank must be strictly controlled during forging, otherwise the internal pressure of the mold is easy to generate. Therefore, when designing the closed die forging mold, the principle of shunt pressure reduction is usually used to solve this problem.
It mainly refers to the precision forging process above the recrystallization temperature. The hot precision forging process mostly adopts closed die forging, which requires high precision of die and equipment. During forging, the volume of blank must be strictly controlled, otherwise the die is prone to generate large pressure inside. Therefore, in the design of closed die forging die, the principle of split pressure reduction is usually used to solve this problem.
At present, most of the straight bevel gears used in trucks in China are produced by this method.
At present, most of the straight bevel gears used in trucks in China are produced by this method.
3. Warm precision forging
3. Warm precision forging
It is a precision forging process carried out at a suitable temperature below the recrystallization temperature. However, the forging temperature of warm forging is divided into narrow, high requirements for mold material mechanics and mold itself, and special high-precision forging equipment is usually required.
It is a precision forging process at a suitable temperature below the recrystallization temperature. However, the forging temperature of warm forging can be divided into narrow, high requirements for die material mechanics and die itself, and special high-precision forging equipment is usually needed.
Warm precision forging process is generally more suitable for mass production, forging medium yield strength materials.
Warm precision forging process is generally suitable for mass production, forging medium yield strength materials.
4. Composite forming
4. Compound forming
Mainly cold, temperature, heat and other forging process combined, learn from each other, to achieve the desired effect.
It mainly combines cold, warm, hot and other forging processes to learn from each other and achieve the expected results.
Composite forming is a standard forging method for high-strength parts such as gears and pipe joints.
Compound forming is a standard forging method for high strength parts such as gears and pipe joints.
5. Closed forging
5. Block forging
It is a forming process in which one-way or two-way double-action extrusion metal is formed in a closed die to obtain a fine forging without flash.
In the closed die, one or two punches are used to extrude metal in one-way or two-way to obtain the forming process of the precision forging without flash.
Mainly used in the production of bevel gears, car constant velocity universal joint star sleeve, pipe joints, cross shaft, bevel gears and other products.
It is mainly used in the production of bevel gear, car constant velocity universal joint star sleeve, pipe joint, cross shaft, bevel gear and other products.
6. Isothermal forging
6. Isothermal forging
Refers to the forging of the blank at a temperature that tends to be constant.
It refers to the forging of billets at a constant temperature.
For deformation temperature sensitive, difficult to form metal materials and parts, such as titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, thin web, high rib.
It is used for metal materials and parts that are sensitive to deformation temperature and difficult to form, such as titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, thin web and high reinforcement.
7. Shunt forging
7. Split forging
It is to establish a material shunt cavity or shunt channel in the forming part of the blank or mold to ensure the material filling effect.
It is to establish a material diversion cavity or channel in the forming part of the blank or die to ensure the filling effect of the material.
Shunt forging is mainly used in the cold forging process of spur gears and helical gears.
Split forging is mainly used in cold forging process of spur gear and spiral gear.
